Catalog: Archives: Regional Art: Asian (611)

A beautifully crafted image of a cormorant seeking fish by Ishida Rainosuke enclosed in the original signed wooden box dating from the early 20th century. The bird is 38 cm (15 inches) long and both bird and fish are in excellent condition. A very interesting treatment of the position of the back foot shows the bird kicking, as if speeding up, eye on the prize.
Ishida Rainosuke was born in Kyoto in the 36th year of Meiji (1903) and graduated from the Department of Sculpture at the (mod) Kyoto University of Arts where he had studied under Numata Ichiga (Kazumasa). His work was selected and awarded at Teiten, Bunten and Nitten,National exhibitions as well as various public and private venues.

A set of five Meiji period dishes hand painted by Suzuki Hyakunen in commemoration of the Gosho-Nai Dai-Hakurankai (Exposition in the Imperial Palace, Kyoto) stamped on the underside with the event name and each individually signed by the artist. The literati scenes include a scholar contemplating a waterfall, Mountain retreat lost in rugged hills, sails on the lake, traveler in the hills and horses on the lakeshore under weeping willows. A beautiful and very rare set, each dish is roughly 4-1/2 inches (11 cm) diameter and in fine condition. They come in an older custom made kiri-wood box.

A koro incense burner by Teishitsu Gigei-In Suwa Sozan I decorated by his friend the famous scholar artist Tomioka Tessai and enclosed in a signed double wood box. The silver lid is by Nakagawa Joeki. It is 3-1/2 inches (9 cm) tall (plus the lid), 5 inches (12 cm) diameter and in excellent condition. The box is titled Daibutsu Sozan zo Juhana Koro Tessai Dai and signed Sozan Yakisei.
Tomioka Tessai (1837-1924) was a scholar artist trained from age seven in the traditional Confucian manner. After the death of his father he was apprenticed to a Shinto shrine, and later was forced to escape the capitol to Kyushu to avoid arrest for anti-governmental actions he had taken on part of the Imperial cause. Here he began serious study of Literati painting and furthered his scholarly research. Upon returning to Kyoto he was befriended by and moved to work under Otagaki Rengetsu, from whom he was heavily influenced. He helped to establish the Nihon Nanga-In and held a number of important positions, culminating in being appointed the official painter of the Emperor and a member of the Imperial Art Academy; the highest honor in Japanese Art circles. He is represented in innumerable important collections. Information on this important person is readily available, for more see Scholar Painters of Japan by Cahill (1972), Roberts Dictionary, or a quick internet search will find plenty of reading. He is held in the Tokyo National Museum, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Kyoto, V&A etc…
Sozan I (1852-1922) was born in Kutani country, present day Ishikawa prefecture, where he initially studied before moving to Tokyo in 1875. Over the next 25 years he would gravitate between Tokyo and Kanazawa, working at various kilns and research facilities. He again relocated, this time to Kyoto in 1900 to manage the Kinkozan Studio before establishing his own. His name became synonymous with celadon and refined porcelain and was one of only five potters to be named Teishitsu Gigei-in. The Teishitsu Gigei-in were members of the Imperial Art Academy, Perhaps in modern terms one might call them the predecessors to the Living National Treasures. However unlike the LNT, there were only five Pottery artists ever named Teishitsu Gigei-in, Ito Tozan, Suwa Sozan, Itaya Hazan, Miyagawa Kozan, and Seifu Yohei III. He was succeeded by his adopted daughter upon his death. He is held in the Kyoto National Museum among many others.
Nakagawa Joeki X (Junsaburo, 1880-1940) was the 10th generation head of the Nakagawa family of metal workers, one of the Jusoku-Kei families supplying tea ware to the various tea schools, responsible for bronze ware, and is said to have peaked with the 9th and 10th generations. He headed the line from1911-1940, covering the reign of 3 emperors; he was greatly favored by tea masters at the time.

A heavy hand forged iron candle-stand from a Buddhist temple in the shape of a burning jewel. It is 90 cm tall, 57 wide, base and legs 20 x 39 cm and dates from the 19th century. Very thick and heavy iron work.
Due to size the cost of shipping will be accrued separately for this item.

A pair of Wooden doors dating from the later Meiji to Taisho period of fine clear grained panels hand-painted with butterflies, birds, and floral dials in brilliant color by Maruyama Oyo in red lacquered wooden frames retaining the original brass hardware. They are made for an opening 141.5 x 180 cm (55-3/4 x 71 inches). They are in overall fine condition. These were acquired from a large estate along the Kamiyagawa River in Kyoto’s posh Kinugasa district.
Maruyama Oyo (1868-1923) was the adopted son of Maruyama Obun and became the sixth generation head of the Maruyama School of painting in Kyoto. You will find works by this famous artist in the British Museum and the Brooklyn Museum among others.

Three black rabbits huddle together to form this black-raku Shuro hand warmer enclosed in an old wooden box titled Kuro Mitsu Usuagi Shuro (Black 3 Rabbits Hand Warmer). They are 7 x 5-1/2 x 4 inches (18 x 14 x 10 cm) and in fine condition.

Wild roses blossom on the rich tea green sides of this cloisonné vase by the Ando studio enclosed in a custom silk lined padded wooden box with a separate compartment for the rose wood stand (included). The base color is that of maccha green tea, making it doubly Japanese. Each leaf, each thorn each petal is wrapped in a thin silver wire frame. The vase is roughly 10 inches (25 cm) tall and in excellent condition.

A pair of unorthodox Edo period guardian corbels in the shape of mythical lion-like creatures (Shishi) made to be notched into a corner under the eaves of Shinto and Buddhist temples to ward off evil spirits. Ordinarily just the heads are carved, these are unusual in that their fore-paws have also been depicted, granting a greater sense of movement than most. Carved Hinoki (cypress), they are 30 x 18 x 20 cm (12 x 7 x 8 inches) each and in overall fine condition.

An exquisite Murashi-Do Bronze vase signed Shuho and enclosed in the original wooden box. The baluster form is interrupted by three ribs starting at the shoulder and running partially down the sides. The vase is otherwise entirely undecorated, leaving all impression to shape alone. A fantastic piece, it is 12 inches (30 cm) tall, 7-1/2 inches (19 cm) diameter and in fine condition. It dates circa the first quarter of the 20th century.

Like an aged boxer, the squat muscular crab takes a stance of readiness, one claw up prepared to defend against a coming attacker. This little fellow is unusual in that it is made of thick bronze, with each joint pinned in a way that allows for some mobility. Legs splayed the creature is 9 inches (23 cm) wide, standing it is 3-1/2 inches 89 cm) tall. There is a repair to the first joint of the 2nd left leg. It dates from the first part of the 20th century.

A Tamasudare-ami Hanakago Basket by Yamamoto Chikuryusai I of round bamboo strands enclosed in the original signed wooden box lacquered in translucent red. The basket exudes a deep respect for the tradition, every knot perfect, the proportions exquisite. It is 19 cm (7-1/2 inches) diameter, 37 cm (14-1/2 inches) tall and in excellent condition.
Yamamoto Chikuryusai I (1868-1945) was a bamboo artist of the early modern era in Osaka. Born in year one of the Meiji era to the Yanagi clan, his former Samurai family hailed from Yodo, a castle town between Osaka and Kyoto. He later was adopted by his Sister in Law to the Yamamoto family, changing his name to Yamamoto at the time, however it was with his older brother, Yanagi Takesada that he learned basketry in their shop in Osaka. Takesada moved to Korea; for the Japanese at the time it was the New West, but Chikuryusai remained in Japan. Unlike others, Chikuryusai did not attempt to insert himself into his baskets, but, allowed his baskets a traditional elegance. He was renowned for his calligraphy, sencha aesthetic, and his elegant and reserved artistic vision. His baskets received awards at several important international expositions, and, with his two sons, Chikuryusai II and Chikken, participated in the annual Teiten/Bunten National Art Exhibitions. He served as mentor to not only his two sons but also Hamano Chikkosai, Ikeda Seiryusai, and Suemura Shobun. In 1929, he gave the artist “Go” (name) to his son but continued working under the name Shoen until his death in 1945. Work by him is held in the Asian Art Museum San Francisco, The Minneapolis Institute of Art and The Met New York among many other public and private collections.

A very unusual unglazed small tea pot decorated with various nuts and seeds all in three dimensional relief, featuring a mushroom shaped lid dating from the later 19th to early 20th century. Known as Banko in Japan, the kilns which produced these items were also responsible for the Sumidagawa pottery so popular in the west. This piece has 8 seeds about the shoulder, including peanut, pumpkin and sunflower. The spout is in the shape of traditional Japanese sweets rolled in a leaf, and the body rests on six legs, one of which is a lotus pod with 7 individual seeds mobile inside. It is stamped inside the lid by the maker and measures 4-1/4 inches (11 cm) tall. It appears to have a very old chip in the spout (see photos), and the inside edge of the lid is rough.

18 cm long set of Kanzashi with five Bira dangling from a branch to which is caught a court cap, possibly dragged from the wearers head during a horse race, or perhaps flung off in a passionate moment. For someone interested we have a museum quality collection of combs and hair pins which I would prefer to sell together in accordance with the previous owners wishes. Birakan (bira Bira Kanzashi) were hair pins used by all classes of society and were one of a woman’s most prized possessions. They are often made of precious metals, gold, silver shakudo and shibuichi, encrusted with bits of red or pink coral, prized for its youthful accent, jades and other precious stones.
The subtleties of Japanese design tend to center on the suggestive rather than the representative. Allowing the viewer to fill in or complete the story surrounding the object viewed. As in the tea room aesthetic, where the room is 95 percent completed but never fully finished, allowing the viewer to complete the room in their own mind, creating to each individual a unique and personal view.

A double sided accordion album bound in iridescent cloth from the Meiji period containing 57 total pages covered in ancient cloth samples. 18th -19th centuries. The album is 19 x 24 cm (7-1/2 x 10 inches). Generally in good condition but the covers have some wear and damage

A Boro Futon cover textile of sewn together bits of worn out indigo dyed fabric 160 x 204 cm (63 x 80 inches ). Go-haba (five widths)

A large Gohon pottery Sweets bowl by Kiyomizu Rokubei V with expertly rendered Sparrows ascending into the sky painted by Imao Keinen enclosed in the original wooden box signed by both artists. It is 8-1/2 inches (21 cm) diameter, 4 inches (10 cm) tall and in excellent condition.
Kiyomizu Rokubei V (1875-1959) began by studying painting from the age of 12 under the 19th century master Kono Bairei. Upon graduation from the Kyoto Municipal School of painting, he apprenticed under his father Rokubei IV. After the death of Bairei in 1895, he began taking painting lessons under Takeuchi Seiho. His first pottery piece was exhibited that same year at the National Industrial Exposition. The following year he was entered as a member of the newly founded Kyoto Ceramics research facility and was one of the founders of the Yutoen study group along with Miyanaga Tozan I, Kinkozan VII, and Ito Tozan I. He succeeded the name Rokubei in 1913. He was prized annually at any of a number of important National Exhibitions, and was honored as judge for the Teiten exhibition beginning in 1927, He was also granted one of Japans greatest honors when he was appointed a member of the Imperial Art Academy. Works by this very important artist are held in the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo and a great many in the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto
Imao Keinen (1845-1924) was one of the most respected artists of the turn of the century. He studied Ukiyo-e under Umegawa Tokyo before moving to the Shijo School under Suzuki Hyakunen. In 1868 he established his own studio, becoming a professor at the Kyoto School of Painting in 1880. In 1904 he was named a member of the prestigious Imperial Art Academy and served as a juror for the Bunten as well as representing Japan in exhibitions abroad. Most well known for Kacho-e Bird and flower paintings and landscapes. His work is held in the collections of The Metropolitan Museum of Art NY, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and Tokyo National Museum among many others.

A large bronze vase on rosewood stand featuring a dragon rising into three dimensional form from the murky surface; signed on the base Shinsui. The fearsome creature appears like a wraith, points of its armored body writhing through the dark patina. The stand itself is a work of art, exquisitely carved with four cut through diapers, on each corner of which is a squat leg, a large floral dial carved through in the center. The vase is over 9 inches (23 cm) tall, 10 inches (25.5 cm) in diameter and in excellent condition. In Buddhism the dragon is considered as the guardian of faith and the protector of sacred places. Because one could never grasp its whole personality, the dragon is usually not shown in its entirety but half hidden in swirling clouds and stormy waves.

A bronze dragon water spout dating from the late Edo or early Meiji period (mid to later 19th century) in an unusual full body configuration. Most spouts appear climbing over the edge of a basin, and thus only the front of the dragon need be cast. This however writhes across the edge of the basin, the entire body exposed. A pipe extending from the stomach allows the water to be attached. It is 29-1/2 x 11 x 10 inches (75 x 28 x 25 cm). One horn has been repaired and there is some damage where the belly would have touched the stone surface of the water pool typical of age. Dragons are not only the gods of water, therefore a protective deity, but also are considered guardians of Buddhist doctrine, and, like the Buddha mind, are rarely seen in full form.

A pimpled toad looks to the sky exhaling a clouded spirit, a truly superb version of this theme in deep caramel bronze dating from the Meiji period. It is an interesting theme, the ugly creature elevated to the status of saint. Judging by color and quality, we attribute this as the work of Kanaya Gorosaburo (1836-1890), a bronze artist of Kyoto fond of this color and known for his superb modeling and detail. Not always signed, Gorosabutro was often known to sign only the box. This piece is unsigned. It is 7-1/4 inches (18 cm) tall, with the basin 5 inches (12.5 cm) diameter.

Hotei bows deeply, showing an unusual moment of respect from the surly sage. An unusual bronze image by Oshima Joun enclosed in the signed wooden box. The face is at once relaxed and respectful, one hand wrapped around a gnarled walking stick supporting the heavy bag on his back. All facets are rounded, with a soft, tight orange-peel surface typical of Tokyo school bronzes. The image is roughly 5 inches (12.5 cm) in all directions, and in excellent condition. Oshima Joun was professor at the Tokyo Art School from 1887 to 1932. His works were selected to represent Japan at the World Exposition in Paris (1900). There is a dearth of information available, specifically, for more on this artist see Victor Harris, Japanese Imperial Craftsmen, Meiji Art from the Khalili Collection (London, 1994) and or Arts of the East and West from World Expositions (2004).

A group of three clambering turtles in fine detail dating from the opening of the 20th century (later Meiji) stamped on the base Keishin and enclosed in a period wooden box. The group is roughly 8 inches (20 cm) long, 3 inches (7.5 cm) tall and in fine condition but for one old chipped toe on the back foot of the largest turtle (see close-up).

A bronze Tanuki dressed in robes and holding a Nyoi (priest scepter) sits yelping into the air, as if surprised at being discovered for his true nature. Dating from the Meiji or possibly Taisho period, it is 10 x 8 x 9-1/2 inches (25 x 21 x 23 cm) and on the base has written in red “4th year” followed by a series of letters to which I have yet to discern a meaning. Likely Meiji 4 (1871).

A set of early wood panels, once doors on a votive shrine, painted with guardian shishi lions (Also called Fu-dogs) in polychrome colors, much worn with time. The doors are of clear grained hinoki (Japanese cypress) and have shrunk horizontally over the centuries, evidenced by the ari (wooden support) which is inset into them. On back one can see clearly the silhouette of the original metal-work. Momoyama to early Edo period, they are 37.5 x 47 cm (15 x 18-1/2 inches) each and would be fabulous framed as a set or individually.

A humorous looking dragon twists up the paper canvas, eyes on the prize, a tama or Buddhist jewel underlying a dramatically written inscription. What is extraordinary is that the dragons scaled body is performed with a single stroke of the brush! Over this has been added a shadow for the back, and embellishment of the head. It is signed Fujiki Shuchokusai, and comes enclosed in the original signed and age darkened wooden box. Bordered with patterned green silk extended with beige and featuring black lacquered wooden rollers, the scroll is 17-1/2 by 72-1/2 inches (44 x 185 cm) and is in fine condition.

An exquisite 17th-18th c. rendition of Suiten (vedic Varuna) rising over tempestuous waves. Pigment on silk, The scroll is 59.2 x 167.5 cm (23-1/2 x 66 inches). It has been fully remounted, in an antique silk retaining the original brass rollers. One of the oldest gods, Varuna is associated with a Serpent (Makara) as his vehicle and a noose as his weapon. Varuna is god of waters, the source of rains and the one who rules over the Nagas (divine sea serpent), myths important in Hinduism and Buddhism. In Shinto he is associated with the 12th century child emperor Antoku, and is considered a guardian deity for child birth as well as all things associated with water (fishing, sea faring, maritime freight, natural disasters such as floods and torrential rains, and interestingly “Mizushobai” (literally floating world trade), the business of pleasure.

A superbly detailed story Ranma carving, likely from an altar, in which five figures reside among golden maple and cherry blossoms. On the left a colorful figure dips water from the cascading blue waters of a steep fall, a man in priests robes behind him. Three other gentlemen in white robes watch from close at hand, a bundle of sticks, perhaps for making tea, perched in the foreground. Each figure is meticulously carved and painted, the entire scene gilded in gold. The carving comes enclosed in a vintage wooden box, and dates from the Meiji period (1868-1912). The piece, which has been fully cleaned and restored to new condition, measures 21-1/2 inches (54

Peach bands of silk arranged in vertical columns stagger across six feet of Kesa interspersed with colorful patches featuring flowers and geometrics. The Kesa is backed with sumptuous orange silk. It is accompanied by a smaller piece of the same design called Ohi, a sash worn along with the Kesa. The Kesa is 78 x 45-1/2 inches (198 x 115.5 cm), the smaller Ohi 12 x 57 inches (30 x 142 cm). A fabulous wall hanging, they likely date from the early 20th century and are overall in very good condition. The unusual pattern of Kesa (Kasaya in Sanskrit) is based on the garment worn by the Buddha, purportedly made by him from scraps of funerary cloths picked up along the banks of the sacred Ganges. It is said the Buddhas Kesa was 10 feet long. The design of kesa is a symbol of the Mandala, the four corners protected by patches representing the four Guardians of the Cardinal points of the universe. At the top of the third and fifth columns are patches representing the Buddhas of benevolence and wisdom. The oldest examples of Kesa in Japan date from the 8th century.

An intricate age darkened Keyaki (elm) carving of two dragons vying for dominance in a sea of clouds, glass eyes glowing softly in the rich red wood. Dating from the later 19th century, the carving is 49 inches (125 cm) long, 4 x 1-1/2 inches (9.5 x 3.5 cm). It is overall in fine condition with some inevitable abrasions due to time. The tennons on both ends indicate this was made to be inserted between two pillars, and was likely the transom over a Buddhist altar.

An antique Guardian mask used to ward off evil hand carved from a rough slab of hardwood. It is 14-1/2 inches (37 cm) tall and in fine condition. Usually hung under the eaves of a house, it shows weathering typical of age. Late 19th to early 20th century.

Birds in white plumage decorate the shadowed raw clay of this vase by Miyagawa Kozan enclosed in the original signed wooden box. It is 21.5 cm (8-1/2 inches) tall, 19 cm (7-1/2 inches) diameter and in excellent condition.　
The name Kozan was granted by Prince Yasui-no-Miya in 1851 in honor of the tea ware produced during the later Edo for the imperial Court by the tenth generation head of the Kyoto pottery family Miyagawa Chozo. The Kozan (Makuzu) kiln as we know it today was established in Yokohama in 1871 by the 11th generation head of the family where he reinvented the family business. He immediately set out on a journey which would propel the Kozan name to International Celebrity status, and send his wares throughout the globe. Pieces produced there were marked Kozan, or Makuzu, the official kiln name, or both. Although he had been running the daily operation since the late 19th century, the first son, Hanzan, succeeded as head of the kiln, in 1912, with the father officially retiring to spend more time on his own research and art. Kozan I dies in 1916. The kiln was run by Hanzan through the early Showa era, he officially taking the name Kozan II in 1917, after one year mourning for his fathers passing. Under Hanzan the kiln was commissioned for works to be presented to the Prince of Wales, the 25th wedding anniversary gift for the Taisho emperor and the Showa Emperors coronation gift. The kiln was completely destroyed in the bombing of Yokohama in 1945. For more on this illustrious family see Bridging East and West, Japanese Ceramics from the Kozan Studio by Kathleen Emerson-Dell.

An unusual chato (tea room sword) in the shape of an octopus, its 8 legs stretched out in uniform with one curled back exposing the suckers. Eyes are intimated on one side, with an old chip where the breathing hole is opposite. About the neck is wrapped a faded silk chord. It is 22 inches (56 cm) long. It is said that these wooden swords were produced from the mid to late Edo period, in lieu of swords for those not allowed to carry weapons (all but samurai). During the Edo it is true that commoners wore them to ward off evildoers at night, generally heavier versions which would double as a truncheon, and later as statements of fashion akin to other sagemono. We have found however that their production lasted through the opening years of the 20th century, as long accustomed ornaments of fashion in the tea room (where even samurai were not allowed bladed weapons). To the repertoire of bokuto and doctors sword, we thus add the name Chato, or tea sword, as they were commonly referred to in Kyoto. As with other members of the sagemono group, they were most often made by carvers of Netsuke. This is from a collection of scholar items we are currently offering from the estate of a Kyoto family involved in literati and art movements from the later Edo period on.

A Gasaku joint effort by Kyoto porcelain master Takahashi Dohachi V and Scholar artist Tomioka Tessai (1837-1924) dating from the late Meiji to Taisho period. Enigmatic Characters in cobalt strike firmly from the smooth alabaster surface. The bowl is 4-3/4 inches (12 cm) diameter, 3-1/2 inches (9 cm) tall and in perfect condition. Written on the side is Sho-Do Ki? Sue, Nyu Chyu? Ho-nari followed by the signature Tessai Gai-shi. It is signed on the base Kachu-tei Dohachi-Sei (Made by Dohachi of the Kachu Pavilion). Takahashi Dohachi was one in the line of great porcelain masters of Kyoto. The family began potting in the 18th century, and was brought to the forefront of porcelain by the second generation head of the family. From then it was known as one of the top three families in Kyoto for porcelain production. The fifth generation took control of the kiln in 1897. Tomioka Tessai was a scholar artist trained from age seven in the traditional Confucian manner. After the death of his father he was apprenticed to a Shinto shrine, and later moved to work under Otagaki Rengetsu, from whom he was heavily influenced. He held a number of important positions, culminating in being appointed the official painter of the Emperor and a member of the Imperial Art Academy; the highest honor in Japanese Art circles. He was known to have worked with Dohachi in porcelains, as well as Eiraku Zengoro. This piece comes in a wooden box simply titled Hai.

white lines defining this tea bowl defy the superlative rendition of a bird snapping up an insect from a hibiscus by Ogata Gekko within. The bowl is 4-1/2 inches (11.5 cm) diameter, 3 inches (7.5 cm) tall and in fine condition. It comes wrapped in a silk bag and enclosed in a superb kiri-wood box.
Ogata Gekko (1859-1920) of Edo (now Tokyo) was born the son of merchant Nakagami Seijiro and was heir to a small fortune. As is often the case with such stories, he was orphaned at a young age, and the family fortune was lost to him. Painting lanterns and designing rickshaws, he was discovered by Kawanabe Kyosai, and introduced to the Ogata family, where he was adopted. Initially he worked as a graphic and industrial designer for Newspapers, magazines and commercial enterprises, never attending art school, and was most unique in that respect. He worked as a war correspondent in the Sino Japanese war (1895) and this would come out in his woodblocks. He was a lifelong friend of Fenellosa and Tenshin, and his work was lauded abroad at such important events as 1893 Chicago Expo,1900 Paris Expo, and gold-prize at the 1904 Worlds Fair in St. Louis as well as London in 1910. F course his international acclaim was mirrored at home with prizes at the Kyoshinkai (1893 and 1894) 1896 Japanese Art Association and was acquired by the Meiji Emperor in 1898. His unschooled approach to printmaking however may be his greatest gift to Japan and the world, and he can be credited with founding the ideas and printing techniques of the 20th century Sosaku Hanga genre. There is a plethora of information available on this artist and his work is held in many great institutions including the British Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Thanks to Rob Turley for his in depth research into this artist.

A finely brushed image of a pheasant in the blossoming boughs of a cherry tree bearing a circular Rimpa School seal in the lower right. Pigment on paper with bokashi daubing of water on the tree trunk. Shadows dragged through the back appear to intimate bamboo. It is bordered in beige silk with a black lacquered wooden frame. The screen measures 71.5 x 68.5 inches (181 x 174 cm) and is in fine condition, dating from the early 20th century.

A very unusual set of three scrolls depicting the women of Shimabara looking down with trepidation at a Fumi-e (a Christian symbol) before lotus enclosed in a wooden box titled Shizan Shimabara-me Sanpuku Tsui (Shizan, Women of Shimabara Three Scroll Set). The Fumi-e was a bronze or wood placard embellished with a Christian symbol upon which people were forced to step to prove that they were not Christians during the ban on Christianity throughout most of the Edo period. Any who refused to step on the image would be tortured or executed, often in horrific manner. Here the two graceful figures appear dressed in kimono bearing a leaf pattern with white scarves on their heads denoting purity. Interestingly the artist has juxtaposed the central image with its symbol of Christ on the cross against a background of ghostly white lotus flowers, traditional symbols of Buddhism. Each scroll is 64.5 x 208 cm (25-1/2 x 82 inches). There is faint scattered foxing, a soft wrinkle in the lotus on the central scroll, and some water stains up the left edge of the painting on the right. Likely an early work by Saito Shizan. Saito Shizan (1902-1963) was born in Shiga prefecture in 1902, and initially studied under Yamamoto Shunkyo in the modern Shijo style before entering the Kyoto Municipal University of Arts. He was accepted into the Teiten, Bunten and Nitten national exhibitions both pre and post war.
The Shimabara rebellion (1637-1638) was the largest uprising against the Feudal government during the Edo period. In response to oppressive taxation and anti-Christian policies by feudal lords sent to replace the former Christian Daimyo, Ronin and peasants rose up, eventually forming an army of combatants and non-combatants of around 37,000. They nearly seized two main fortresses before the Shogun sent an army of over 125,000 samurai against them. They retreated to Hara Castle on Shimabara, where they held out until April of that year, withstanding many mass assaults and bombardment by cannon of the Dutch seeking favor with the Shogunate. Eventually the castle fell, and all rebels were beheaded or crucified, their bodies piled inside the castle and burnt en-masse. On the Shimabara peninsula, most towns experienced a severe to total loss of population as a result of the rebellion. Japan severed ties with Portugal and expelled all missionaries. An existing ban on Christianity was then stringently enforced, and Christianity in Japan survived only underground. Except for the Dutch and a small contingent of Chinese merchants in Nagasaki, Japan then closed itself to the outside world for over 200 years. The Fumi-e became the dominant symbol of religious oppression, the ban on Christianity not officially lifted until 1871 (although the shogunate stopped executing Christians around the turn of the 19th century).

Drinking dancing and shamisen playing, a skeleton crew doing donchan-sawagi on the back of a pale gray jiban crepe-silk kimono. The figures are performed in the painstaking shibori technique where each dot is hand knotted before dying, each laborious knot making up one dot in the matrix of the design. The piece likely dates from the Meiji to early Taisho era, late 19th to early 20th century. This is not one of the modern bleached versions of this theme, but an antique original. Very very rare.